Mercury is our solar system's smallest planet and the closest to the sun. The tiny planet has no moon and orbits the sun faster than any other planet, which is why the Romans named it after their swift-footed messenger god. Mercury was also known to the Sumerians at least 5,000 years ago. According to a site connected to NASA's MESSENGER (Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging) mission, it was frequently associated with Nabu, the god of writing. Mercury was...

Venus is the second planet from the Sun and the sixth largest and most massive planet in the solar system. Venus is the closest large body to Earth other than the Moon; at its closest, it is the closest large body to Earth. Venus' orbit is closer to the Sun than Earth's, so the planet is always roughly in the same direction in the sky as the Sun and can only be seen near sunrise or sunset. It is the most brilliant planet in the sky when visible. The planet Venus is represented by the symbol ♀.
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Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, named after the Roman mythological king of the gods. The gas colossus Jupiter is a stormy enigma, wrapped in colourful clouds whipped by powerful winds that sweep beneath rings and moons. Jupiter is massive: it has more than twice the mass of all the other planets in the solar system combined. The Great Red Spot, its largest and most famous storm, is twice the width of the Earth. Jupiter's four large moons, Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, helped to revolutionise the way we saw the universe — and our place in it — in 1610, when Galileo discovered them. These were the first observations of celestial bodies circling an object other than Earth, and they supported the Copernican theory that Earth was not the centre of the universe.
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Mars is the fourth planet in the solar system. The Romans named the Red Planet after their god of war, which suited the planet's bloody hue. In reality, the Romans copied the ancient Greeks, who named the planet Ares after their god of war. Other civilizations also gave the planet names based on its colour, such as the Egyptians, who named it "Her Desher," which means "the red one," and ancient Chinese astronomers, who dubbed it "the fire star."Mars' bright rust colour is due to iron-rich minerals in its regolith, which is the loose dust and rock that covers its surface. Earth's soil is also a type of regolith, albeit one with a high organic content. The iron minerals oxidise, or rust, causing the soil to appear red, according to NASA.
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The Moon is the only place on the planet where humans have set foot. The Moon, the brightest and largest object in our night sky, makes Earth a more livable planet by dampening our planet's wobble on its axis, resulting in a relatively stable climate. It also causes tides, which have guided humans for thousands of years. The Moon was most likely formed as a result of a Mars-sized body colliding with Earth. The Moon is the fifth largest of our solar system's 200+ moons orbiting planets. Because no one knew there were other moons until Galileo Galilei discovered four moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610, Earth's only natural satellite is simply referred to as "the Moon."
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