Dwarf planets were introduced to the world in 2006, when Pluto was demoted from planet status and reclassified as a dwarf planet. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) currently recognises Eris and Ceres as dwarf planets. What makes a dwarf planet different from a planet? They are nearly identical in most ways, but there is one significant difference: A dwarf planet has not "cleared the neighbourhood" around its orbit, which means it does not have gravitational dominance and shares its orbital space with other bodies of similar size. (This definition is being debated by astronomers and other experts.)
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A black hole is a region of space where gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape. Because matter has been compressed into a small space, gravity is extremely strong. This can occur when a star dies. People cannot see black holes because no light can escape. They are unnoticed. Space telescopes equipped with specialised tools can aid in the discovery of black holes. Special tools can observe how stars in close proximity to black holes behave differently than...

Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun and the solar system's second-largest planet. It's the farthest planet from Earth visible to the naked eye, but its most notable features — its rings — are best seen through a telescope. Although the other gas giants in the solar system, Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune, all have rings, Saturn's rings stand out the most, earning it the moniker "Ringed Planet."
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Mars is the fourth planet in the solar system. The Romans named the Red Planet after their god of war, which suited the planet's bloody hue. In reality, the Romans copied the ancient Greeks, who named the planet Ares after their god of war. Other civilizations also gave the planet names based on its colour, such as the Egyptians, who named it "Her Desher," which means "the red one," and ancient Chinese astronomers, who dubbed it "the fire star."Mars' bright rust colour is due to iron-rich minerals in its regolith, which is the loose dust and rock that covers its surface. Earth's soil is also a type of regolith, albeit one with a high organic content. The iron minerals oxidise, or rust, causing the soil to appear red, according to NASA.
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Space is also teeming with various types of radiation that are hazardous to astronauts. The Sun is responsible for a large portion of this infrared and ultraviolet radiation. High energy X-rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays – particles travelling at near-light speed – arrive from distant star systems.
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The way people think about the universe, how it works, and how big it is has evolved over time. Humans had little or no understanding of the universe for countless lifetimes. Instead, our forefathers relied on legend to explain the origins of everything. The myths reflect human concerns, hopes, aspirations, or fears, rather than the nature of reality, because they were created by our forefathers. Humans began to apply mathematics, writing, and new investigative principles to the search for knowledge several centuries ago. Those principles, as well as scientific tools, were refined over time, eventually revealing clues about the nature of the universe.
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