Mercury is our solar system's smallest planet and the closest to the sun. The tiny planet has no moon and orbits the sun faster than any other planet, which is why the Romans named it after their swift-footed messenger god. Mercury was also known to the Sumerians at least 5,000 years ago. According to a site connected to NASA's MESSENGER (Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging) mission, it was frequently associated with Nabu, the god of writing. Mercury was...

Venus is the second planet from the Sun and the sixth largest and most massive planet in the solar system. Venus is the closest large body to Earth other than the Moon; at its closest, it is the closest large body to Earth. Venus' orbit is closer to the Sun than Earth's, so the planet is always roughly in the same direction in the sky as the Sun and can only be seen near sunrise or sunset. It is the most brilliant planet in the sky when visible. The planet Venus is represented by the symbol ♀.
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Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun and the solar system's second-largest planet. It's the farthest planet from Earth visible to the naked eye, but its most notable features — its rings — are best seen through a telescope. Although the other gas giants in the solar system, Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune, all have rings, Saturn's rings stand out the most, earning it the moniker "Ringed Planet."
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The Moon is the only place on the planet where humans have set foot. The Moon, the brightest and largest object in our night sky, makes Earth a more livable planet by dampening our planet's wobble on its axis, resulting in a relatively stable climate. It also causes tides, which have guided humans for thousands of years. The Moon was most likely formed as a result of a Mars-sized body colliding with Earth. The Moon is the fifth largest of our solar system's 200+ moons orbiting planets. Because no one knew there were other moons until Galileo Galilei discovered four moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610, Earth's only natural satellite is simply referred to as "the Moon."
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Mars is the fourth planet in the solar system. The Romans named the Red Planet after their god of war, which suited the planet's bloody hue. In reality, the Romans copied the ancient Greeks, who named the planet Ares after their god of war. Other civilizations also gave the planet names based on its colour, such as the Egyptians, who named it "Her Desher," which means "the red one," and ancient Chinese astronomers, who dubbed it "the fire star."Mars' bright rust colour is due to iron-rich minerals in its regolith, which is the loose dust and rock that covers its surface. Earth's soil is also a type of regolith, albeit one with a high organic content. The iron minerals oxidise, or rust, causing the soil to appear red, according to NASA.
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Space is also teeming with various types of radiation that are hazardous to astronauts. The Sun is responsible for a large portion of this infrared and ultraviolet radiation. High energy X-rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays – particles travelling at near-light speed – arrive from distant star systems.
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