Neptune, along with its cousin Uranus, is our solar system's least-explored planet, having only been visited by a spacecraft once. Despite this, we've discovered more Neptune-sized planets orbiting other stars than any other type of planet. To understand other solar systems and determine whether ours is unique, we must first learn more about the windy blue world in our own backyard.It's unclear where Neptune came from or how it got its water. The disc of dust and gas that formed...

A black hole is a region of space where gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape. Because matter has been compressed into a small space, gravity is extremely strong. This can occur when a star dies. People cannot see black holes because no light can escape. They are unnoticed. Space telescopes equipped with specialised tools can aid in the discovery of black holes. Special tools can observe how stars in close proximity to black holes behave differently than...

Dwarf planets were introduced to the world in 2006, when Pluto was demoted from planet status and reclassified as a dwarf planet. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) currently recognises Eris and Ceres as dwarf planets. What makes a dwarf planet different from a planet? They are nearly identical in most ways, but there is one significant difference: A dwarf planet has not "cleared the neighbourhood" around its orbit, which means it does not have gravitational dominance and shares its orbital space with other bodies of similar size. (This definition is being debated by astronomers and other experts.)
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The Moon is the only place on the planet where humans have set foot. The Moon, the brightest and largest object in our night sky, makes Earth a more livable planet by dampening our planet's wobble on its axis, resulting in a relatively stable climate. It also causes tides, which have guided humans for thousands of years. The Moon was most likely formed as a result of a Mars-sized body colliding with Earth. The Moon is the fifth largest of our solar system's 200+ moons orbiting planets. Because no one knew there were other moons until Galileo Galilei discovered four moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610, Earth's only natural satellite is simply referred to as "the Moon."
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Space is also teeming with various types of radiation that are hazardous to astronauts. The Sun is responsible for a large portion of this infrared and ultraviolet radiation. High energy X-rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays – particles travelling at near-light speed – arrive from distant star systems.
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Mars is the fourth planet in the solar system. The Romans named the Red Planet after their god of war, which suited the planet's bloody hue. In reality, the Romans copied the ancient Greeks, who named the planet Ares after their god of war. Other civilizations also gave the planet names based on its colour, such as the Egyptians, who named it "Her Desher," which means "the red one," and ancient Chinese astronomers, who dubbed it "the fire star."Mars' bright rust colour is due to iron-rich minerals in its regolith, which is the loose dust and rock that covers its surface. Earth's soil is also a type of regolith, albeit one with a high organic content. The iron minerals oxidise, or rust, causing the soil to appear red, according to NASA.
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