DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, and it is a nucleic acid that contains all of the genetic instructions utilized in the development of all existing living organisms. It's a chemical that exists in the chromosomes inside the nucleus of nearly all cells. Nearly every cell in a persons' body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus, where it's known by the name of nuclear DNA, and a small amount of DNA can also be found existing in the mitochondria, where it's known by the name of mitochondrial DNA. Oldest civilization in the world
Study of DNA Genetic Testing
The study of DNA and genetics is one area of science which is not only theoretically fascinating but also practically useful in many ways. One of the main applications of the growing understanding of DNA and the role that human genes play in people's lives is various forms of DNA genetic testing. This is a process which has a wide variety of applications and each of them is useful to people in different ways. We'll now take a look at various forms of DNA genetic testing and what they are used for.
One area of genetic testing which is commonly undertaken is that relating to genetic diseases. It is possible to carry out DNA genetic testing on an adult human in order to determine if they have genes in their makeup which will lead to a serious illness or adverse health condition later in their life. This is possible to detect before the disease shows any symptoms whatsoever. A huge advantage of this form of early testing is the extra time both the patient and the doctor have to put into place preventative and coping methods which can help a person navigate the challenges of their health and live as fuller life as possible. First civilization
Another use for this type of testing is to screen fetuses in the womb to make sure they are developing correctly and have no genetic abnormalities. Some of the conditions which can be detected by foetal DNA genetic testing include Down syndrome. The parents of a foetus that has tested positive for some form of DNA genetic disorder have a range of options. They may wish to terminate the pregnancy in order to spare the child from living a life of illness.
Structure of DNA-How is the DNA structured?
In essence the DNA molecule is made of two strands coiled around each other in the shape, known by the name of a double helix-which is a sort of spiral shown by the above diagram. The genetic instructions are in the form of a chemical code made up of four bases (A, T, C and G). These bases bond together in pairs, forming cross-links. A pairs with T and C pairs with G. This is due to a base pairing rule which allows only these two sets of pairings. This rule is known by the name of complementary base pairing. A stands for adenine, T stands for thymine, G stands for guanine and lastly C stands for cytosine. Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percents of those bases are identical in all people! Gregorian Calendar
What Are Genes?
The highly complex structures known by the name of chromosomes contain the perfect recipe for making a living thing. They exist in almost every cell's nucleus and are made from strands of DNA. Parts of DNA known as genes are the ingredients. Each gene adds a specific protein to the recipe. Proteins build, regulate and maintain your body. For instance, they build bones, enable muscular movement, control the complex process of digestion, and maintain the pumping of your heart. In short, a gene is essentially a region of the chromosome that carries information about, and controls, a particular characteristic. Genes are made up of the four bases (chemicals) that hold the two strands of the DNA molecule together.
The order (or sequence) of the bases provides the genetic code (instructions) that controls cell activity. Each gene has a different sequence of bases. The DNA molecules in a cell form a complete set of instructions for how the organism should be constructed and how its individual cells should work.
Genes that control characteristics can have different versions. Where there are different versions, one version will be dominant, and one will be recessive. For example, an individual's ability to roll their tongue is due to a dominant characteristic.
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